yunta.

(a loanword from Spanish)

Headword: 
yunta.
Principal English Translation: 

a yoke (of oxen); or, a measure of land, perhaps the amount a yoke of oxen could plow
(a loanword from Spanish)

Orthographic Variants: 
yonta, yota, yotan, yontas
Lockhart’s Nahuatl as Written: 

a yoke (of oxen), or the amount of land they could plow. Sp.
James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 242.

Attestations from sources in English: 

A team of two oxen. Also, the amount of land that one yoke of oxen can plow.
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 248.

amo huey aço tlaco yontas ytlachihual = it is not large, perhaps half of what a yunta can do; this land sold for 6 pesos; it was sold by a humble indigenous person to Spaniard (Tulancingo, Nov. 25, 1668)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the Tulancingo Collection in Special Collections at UCLA's research library, Folder 14. English translation added by Stephanie Wood.

se yunta ytlachihual = what one yunta can do (Tulancingo, July 1, 1656)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the Tulancingo Collection in Special Collections at UCLA's research library, Folder 14. English translation added by Stephanie Wood.

çeçen yunta yntlachihual" (there were three pieces of land, and they sold by a humble indigenous person to a Spaniard for 5 pesos and 4 tomines, or reales, altogether) (Tulancingo, September 9, 1657)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites the Tulancingo Collection in Special Collections at UCLA's research library, Folder 14.

three pieces of land are named in one document, two of them being 1/2 yunta and one being a whole yunta (Soyatzinco, 1736)
James Lockhart collection, notes in the file "Land and Economy." For this example he cites AGN Tierras 2552, exp. 3, f. 3r.

se yota bueyes = a yoke of oxen (Toluca Valley, 1737)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 124.

ome yotan quaquahueti = two yokes of oxen (San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Toluca Valley, 1691)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 128.

y Caltlaltzintl quelenmiqui nahui yonta (Centlalpan, Chalco, 1736)
Frances Karttunen and James Lockhart, Nahuatl in the Middle Years: Language Contact Phenomena in Texts of the Colonial Period, Linguistics 85 (Los Angeles, University of California Publications, 1976), Doc. 10.

Nitlanahuatia ome yunta bueyes Ca yehuatl nicCahuilia noçiuh se Caballo ençillado yuã Caxa ome achas yuã mochi Santoz Santaz çe CuetzComtal nicCahuilia noxpochto Juana = I order that I leave to my wife two yokes of oxen, a horse with a saddle, a chest, two axes, and all the male and female saints; I leave a corncrib to my little daughter Juana. (San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Toluca Valley, 1695)
Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 146.

Attestations from sources in Spanish: 

yhuan no ce tlalli quipia matlactl omome yuntas... yhuan occe tlalli quipia chiquacen yuntas... oc no ce quipia nahui yuntas... occe tlalli quipia chicuei yuntas ompa ca ytlan in comunidad = y otro está, en que caben doce yuntas... y otro pedazo que caben seis yuntas... y otro pedazo en que caben cuatro yuntas... y otro pedazo de tierra, en que caben ocho yuntas, que está junto a la communidad (Tepotzotlan, 1653)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVII, vol. 3, Teresa Rojas Rabiela, et al, eds. (México: CIESAS, 2002), 256–257.

occe milli ynahuac quauhpantli ompohualli maquilli yuntas calaqui ytech = otra milpa o sementera junto a la puente, la que se compone de cuarenta y cinco yuntas (Cuautitlan, Tepozotlan, 1639)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVII, vol. 3, Teresa Rojas Rabiela, et al, eds. (México: CIESAS, 2002), 212–213.

chicome yontati quaquahueti = siete yuntas de bueyes (San Cristóbal Ecatepec, 1634)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVII, vol. 3, Teresa Rojas Rabiela, et al, eds. (México: CIESAS, 2002), 198–199.

se yota boeyes yhuan ome rexas conanas macos = una yunta de bueyes y dos rejas, que las coja, que se le den. (San Marcos Tlayacac, Morelos, "1546"; no earlier than 1666)
Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 2, Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVI, eds., Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Ciencias Tecnología, 1999), 80–81.