testigo.

(a loanword from Spanish)

Headword: 
testigo.
Principal English Translation: 

witness (a loanword from Spanish, never translated into Nahuatl, but can appear as destigo, and in other variant spellings) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), 22.

Orthographic Variants: 
teztigo, testico, destico, tetico, tesdigu
Attestations from sources in English: 

desticos ynic ce miguel de la cros regidor = witnesses; First, Miguel de la Cruz, regidor (1655, Mexico Tenochtitlan)
Jonathan Truitt, Sustaining the Divine in Mexico Tenochtitlan: Nahuas and Catholicism, 1523–1700 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, and Oceanside, CA: The Academy of American Franciscan History, 2018, 249–253.

In cuix quenmanian, çan tlapic tepan otitestigotic. = Were you sometime a false witness against people? Bartolomé de Alva, A Guide to Confession Large and Small in the Mexican Language, 1634, eds. Barry D. Sell and John Frederick Schwaller, with Lu Ann Homza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 129. with the Nahuatl verbalizing suffix -ti ("otitestigotic" = you became a witness/you testified), See Sell's comments in Bartolomé de Alva, A Guide to Confession Large and Small in the Mexican Language, 1634, eds. Barry D. Sell and John Frederick Schwaller, with Lu Ann Homza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 23. imispan testigos ynic ce miguel flores inic ome pº quauhtli yniquey fabian ynic nahui diego yc macuilli diego ramirez yc chiquacen juan tecpanecatl chaneque ycçotitlā = Before the witnesses: The first one is Miguel Flores. The second one is Pedro Quauhtli. The third one is Fabián. The fourth one is Diego. The fifth one is Diego Ramirez. The sixth one is Juan Tecpanecatl. They are citizens of Icçotitlan.(Coyoacan 1573) Rebecca Horn, Postconquest Coyoacan: Nahua-Spanish Relations in Central Mexico, 1519–1650 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), 162, 319. Witnesses to testaments in Stage 2 were very numerous and often included women in equal numbers to men, whereas Spanish testaments rarely had women serving as witnesses. But as Spanish traditions had more influence over time, witnesses became fewer in indigenous testaments and female witnesses disappeared. Local officials came to predominate. (San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Toluca Valley, 1654) Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 31. teztigos = witnesses Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 54. yhuan ymixpan testigoshuan = and it is in the presence of [my] witnesses (Mexico, sixteenth-century) Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 138. yn testigosme (Coyoacan, 1554) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 9. niquivaltçatçillia yn testigo .. niquimacaz yn testigo yn toteycavan (Huitzilopochco, circa 1550–55?) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), appendix ymixpan testigos (Tlaxcala, 1566) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 1. imispan niquinauatia desticosme (Coyoacan, 1568 Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 11. imispan yn quiz yn tos testigos (Coyoacan, 1575) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 20. ma xicmocelili testigos (Coyoacan, 1613) Frances Karttunen and James Lockhart, Nahuatl in the Middle Years: Language Contact Phenomena in Texts of the Colonial Period, Linguistics 85 (Los Angeles, University of California Publications, 1976), Doc. 6. ymixpan testigos melchior juo yhuan Juo franco (Coyoacan, 1622) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 4. dio lucas destigo [S. Francisco Analcotitlan (Jalisco?), 1652] Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 8. ymixpan testigos (S. Simón Pochtlan, Azcapotzalco, 1695) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 5. ymixpantzinco y testigos (Centlalpan, Chalco, 1736) Frances Karttunen and James Lockhart, Nahuatl in the Middle Years: Language Contact Phenomena in Texts of the Colonial Period, Linguistics 85 (Los Angeles, University of California Publications, 1976), Doc. 10. y nehuatl esno de la repobliCan yhuan y testigos (Centlalpan, Chalco, 1736) Frances Karttunen and James Lockhart, Nahuatl in the Middle Years: Language Contact Phenomena in Texts of the Colonial Period, Linguistics 85 (Los Angeles, University of California Publications, 1976), Doc. 10. ihuan esno de la Republica yhuan seme testigos (Azcapotzalco, 1738) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 17. por testigo iapoderado Juan Soriano (Azcapotzalco, 1738) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 17. nican quimotlalilia intocatzin yhuan infirmatzin yCa testigos (Azcapotzalco, 1738) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 17. yhuan ymixpan testigoshuan = and it is in the presence of [my] witnesses (Mexico, sixteenth-century) Caterina Pizzigoni, ed., Testaments of Toluca (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 2007), 138. testicos mochiuh= acted as witness James Lockhart, We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, Repertorium Columbianum v. 1 (Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1993), 284–285.

Attestations from sources in Spanish: 

In cuix quenmanian, çan tlapic tepan otitestigotic. = si alguna vez has jurado flaço contra alguno Bartolomé de Alva, A Guide to Confession Large and Small in the Mexican Language, 1634, eds. Barry D. Sell and John Frederick Schwaller, with Lu Ann Homza (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999), 128–129. imixpan tesdigus = delante de los testigos (Coyoacan, 1607) Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos en náhuatl y castellano del siglo XVII, vol. 3, Teresa Rojas Rabiela, et al, eds. (México: CIESAS, 2002), 62–63. yn imispan testicostin espanoles = en presencia de testigos, españoles Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 1, Testamentos en castellano del siglo XVI y en náhuatl y castellano de Ocotelulco de los siglos XVI y XVII, eds. Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, y Constantino Medina Lima (Alcotitlan, Ocotelulco, Tlaxcala, 1596), 318–319. imispan teticos = en presencia de los testigos Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 1, Testamentos en castellano del siglo XVI y en náhuatl y castellano de Ocotelulco de los siglos XVI y XVII, eds. Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, y Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: CIESAS, 1999), 260–261. testigos = testigusti (San Bernabé Iczotitlan, Ocotelulco, 1576) Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 1, Testamentos en castellano del siglo XVI y en náhuatl y castellano de Ocotelulco de los siglos XVI y XVII, eds. Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, y Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: CIESAS, 1999), 200–201. En presencia de los testigos = Yzcate testicosme yn ymixpan (Ocotelulco, 1619) Vidas y bienes olvidados: Testamentos indígenas novohispanos, vol. 1, Testamentos en castellano del siglo XVI y en náhuatl y castellano de Ocotelulco de los siglos XVI y XVII, eds. Teresa Rojas Rabiela, Elsa Leticia Rea López, y Constantino Medina Lima (Mexico: CIESAS, 1999), 190–191. yhuan quito in testico yn Toltecatl yn iciuauh catca ono honpa tlachiuaya = y dijo el testigo, dijo que la mujer que era de Toltecatl también allí labraba (Atlixocan, Ciudad de México, 1558) Luis Reyes García, Eustaquio Celestino Solís, Armando Valencia Ríos, et al, Documentos nauas de la Ciudad de México del siglo XVI, Ciudad de Mexico, 1558 (México: Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social y Archivo General de la Nación, 1996), 96. testigotica = por medio de testigo Martín de León, Camino al cielo en lengua mexicana (Mexico: Diego López, 1611), f. 140r. Frase traducido por Stephanie Wood.