tochtli.

Headword: 
tochtli.
Principal English Translation: 

rabbit; a calendrical marker and the shape seen in the moon; a person's name (attested male); and, slang for a woman's genitals

Orthographic Variants: 
tochi, Tochtl, dochtl, dochtli
Alonso de Molina: 

tochtli. conejo. Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana y mexicana y castellana, 1571, part 2, Nahuatl to Spanish, f. 148r. col. 2. Thanks to Joe Campbell for providing the transcription.

Lockhart’s Nahuatl as Written: 

abs. pl. tōtōchtin. James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 239.

Attestations from sources in English: 

totochtin (plural)
Antonio Rincón, Arte mexicana: Vocbulario breve, que solamente contiene todas las dicciones ue en esta arte se traen por exemplos (1595), 5v.

One Rabbit (a date): "Up to the time of the great famine, the first of any fifty-two year period was always called one-Rabbit. But one-Rabbit happened to be the year 1454, when Apizteotl, the god of starving, was commanding the land. For such an unlucky year to initiate the new series of years was unthinkable. One-Rabbit was always followed by two-Reed, and in this latter year (1455), the rains came back plentifully" and so "it was decided by the Aztec cities to declare it and not the previous year to be the opening year of the present cycle and all future ones."
Burr Cartwright Brundage, A Rain of Darts: The Mexica Aztecs (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1972), 134.

ic conisuiuitequito in tochin, in iehoatl tecuciztecatl, ic conispopoloque, ic conisomictique: in iuhqui ascan ic tlachie = With a rabbit he came to wound in the face this Tecuciztecatl; with it he darkened his face; he killed its brilliance. Thus doth it appear today. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 7 -- The Sun, Moon, and Stars, and the Binding of the Venus, No. 14, Part VIII, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 7.

Izcatqui, itlatlatollo, inic mitoa: iuhquin tochton, isco uetztoc metztli. = Behold the fable in which it is told how a little rabbit lay across the face of the moon. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 7 -- The Sun, Moon, and Stars, and the Binding of the Venus, No. 14, Part VIII, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 3.

cihtli ahno quahvtochtli = A hare or forest rabbit (Tlaxcala, 1545) Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 34, 210–211.

A calendrical marker. For example: nahui tochtli, 4 tochtli = el año de 1522, entre otros. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Luis Reyes García, ¿Como te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista [1563–1574] (Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Guadalupe, 2001), 133.

Another example: 8 tochtli = 1526 [same source]. iii. tochtli xihuitl. 1586. = 3 Rabbit year, 1586 (early seventeenth century, central New Spain)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 30–31.

niman oquisque galgos oquintotocaque totochtin ytic yn tianquistli yno yãcuicã = an the greyhounds came out; they chased rabbits in the marketplace; that was the first time [in the year 1685]
Here in This Year: Seventeenth-Century Nahuatl Annals of the Tlaxcala-Puebla Valley, ed. and transl. Camilla Townsend, with an essay by James Lockhart (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010), 134–135.

dochtl. xihuitli = Rabbit year; dochtli xiuitl = Rabbit year; dochtli xivitli = Rabbit y ear Here in This Year: Seventeenth-Century Nahuatl Annals of the Tlaxcala-Puebla Valley, ed. and transl. Camilla Townsend, with an essay by James Lockhart (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010), 168–169, 176–177.

tochpanecayotl tilmahtli = the rabbit fur cape, or the cape in Tochpan style (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Justyna Olko, Turquoise Diadems and Staffs of Office: Elite Costume and Insignia of Power in Aztec and Early Colonial Mexico (Warsaw: Polish Society for Latin American Studies and Centre for Studies on the Classical Tradition, University of Warsaw, 2005), 205.

in aquin tetzatzilia, in anozo mochoquilia, mitoaya: ye iuhqui itoch. Ipampa ca in yeuecauh, in octli intech quitlamiliaya in totochtin, in quinmoteotiaya ueuetque = when a drunkard shouts at people or starts weeping, they say: Such is his rabbit, because in the past, pulque was consecrated to the rabbits whom the ancients worshipped as gods. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Thelma D. Sullivan, "Nahuatl Proverbs, Conundrums, and Metaphors, Collected by Sahagún," Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl 4 (1963), 118–119.

In otitochtiac, in otimazatiac. Inin ntlatolli, itechpa mitoaya: in aquin ayocmo ichan nemi ayocmo quitlacamati in itatzin, in inantzin: zan choloa in iquac quinonotzaznequi = You have turned into a rabbit, you have turned into a deer. This was said about someone who no longer lived at home. He no longer paid any attention to his father and mother but ran away when they wanted to correct him. (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Thelma D. Sullivan, "Nahuatl Proverbs, Conundrums, and Metaphors, Collected by Sahagún," Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl 4 (1963), 162–163.

tochtli = Rabbit, a name given to boys (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan, et al. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 253.

Ymatrina paolla yn inamic Juan tochtli tlalchiuhque = her godmother, Paula, spouse of Juan Tochtli, farmers (Tlatelolco, 1586)
Translation by Stephanie Wood. Nahuatl baptismal records from Tlatelolco, 1585–1606, in Caja 21, Archivo Histórico de la Provincia del Santo Evangelio de México, Convento Franciscano de San Gabriel, San Pedro Cholula, Puebla.

ytoca tochtl = named Tochtli [referring to a child five years old, gender not specified] (Cuernavaca region, ca. 1540s)
The Book of Tributes: Early Sixteenth-Century Nahuatl Censuses from Morelos, ed. and transl. S. L. Cline, (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1993), 160–161.

yn iyoquich ytoca tochtl = Her husband is named Tochtli. (Cuernavaca region, ca. 1540s) The Book of Tributes: Early Sixteenth-Century Nahuatl Censuses from Morelos, ed. and transl. S. L. Cline, (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1993), 170–171.

Ipampa ca in ie vecauh, in octli intech qujtlamjliaia in totochtin, in qujnmoteotiaia vevetque = It is because in times of old, wine was falsely attributed to the rabbits, whom the ancient ones worshipped (central Mexico, sixteenth century)
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 230.

Antonio Tochtli was the head of a household of four people, as reported in the Códice de Santa María de la Asunción of Tepetlaoztoc (Tetzcoco).
Barbara J. Williams, "Mexico: Aztec Soil Classification and Land Tenure," Actes de XLIIe Congrès International des Américanistes, 9 (Paris: Société des Américanistes, 1980), pp. 165–175. See p. 171.

Attestations from sources in Spanish: 

Tehuehuehuentzin ihuan tochtli (El viejo del Teuhtli y el conejo). "Un conejo hambriento se encuentra al dios del Cerro Teuhtli que se está muriendo de frío y hambre. El conejo le da de su sangre para salvarlo. Como premio, la divinidad le enseña la cueva de Mexcalco, donde siempre habrá agua y comida." (Escuchado en Milpa Alta, Méx. D.F. Boas y Haeberlin, 1924, 345–347.) Fernando Horcasitas, "La narrativa oral náhuatl (1920–1975)," Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl 13 (1978), 177–209, ver 182. axcan ypan xapato mo poa nahui cali tecpatl cali tochi acatl chihuitl cahuitl zipatli= ehecatl= cali= cuespali= cohuatl= miquistli= masatl= tochi= atl= iscuintli= osomatl= minali= acatl= ocelotl= quautli= coscaquautli= olin= tecpatl= quiahuitl= chochitl = ahoy en éste día sábado que se cuenta cuatro casa. Pedernal, Casa, Consejo, Caña, signos de los años en el Tiempo estos cuatro signos se cuentan. Lagarto, Mono, Viento, Yerba tocida, Casa, Caña, Lagartija, Tigre, Culebra, Aguila, Muerte, Aguila de collar, Venado, Movimiento, Conejo, Pedernal, Agua, Lluvia, Perro, Flor (Estado de Hidalgo, ca. 1722?) Rocío Cortés, El "nahuatlato Alvarado" y el Tlalamatl Huauhquilpan: Mecanismos de la memoria colectiva de una comunidad indígena (New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, Colonial Spanish American Series, 2011), 34, 46-47. au ipanpa cemicac tlaneltilities omo tlilmachioti axcan ipan nahui cali tecpatl cali tochi acatl cen chiquipil molpia ipan cas tolpuali ihuan matlacpuali yhuan epuali ihua chique chihuitl cahuitl = Pues para siempre estar dando testimonio de este hecho, se escribió y firmó ahora en este dia cuatro casa. Pedernal, Casa, Consejo, Caña, (4 trecenas) en un atado de años se atan. Encima de quinientos sesenta y ocho años el tiempo. (Estado de Hidalgo, ca. 1722?) Rocío Cortés, El "nahuatlato Alvarado" y el Tlalamatl Huauhquilpan: Mecanismos de la memoria colectiva de una comunidad indígena (New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, Colonial Spanish American Series, 2011), 30–31, 42. nahui tochtli, 4 tochtli = el año de 1522, entre otros (ca. 1582, México) Luis Reyes García, ¿Como te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista (México: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Guadalupe, 2001), 133. Ipampa ca in ie vecauh, in octli intech qujtlamjliaia in totochtin, in qujnmoteotiaia vevetque = Este refran se dize de las condiciones diuersas de los hombres dizen ie iuhquj itoch: esse tiene esa condicion (centro de México, s. XVI) Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 230.

Un "indio casado" con el nombre de "Miguel Tochtli" fue un "gañán y laborío" que ganó un salario y una "ración de maíz, chile, y sal en cada semana", y no gozó nada de tierras en su pueblo. (Atlacomulco, 1693)
Archivo General de la Nación, México, Ramo de Tierras 1763, exp. 2. Investigación hecha por Stephanie Wood.