Doctor.

(a loanword from Spanish)

Headword: 
Doctor.
Principal English Translation: 

Doctor; a title for a high Spanish official; ecclesiastics often held this degree, including secular priests; they were known to wear tassels on their hats and hoods around their necks in special processions
(a loanword from Spanish)

(early seventeenth century, central New Spain)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 206–207.

also, the learned ones in the Gospel who knew the word of God

(central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 150–151.

Orthographic Variants: 
dotor, doctur, todor
Attestations from sources in English: 

innepantla mehuiltitica in teotlahtolmatini yn intoca doctores = in the midst of those who knew the word of God, called doctors (central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 150–151.

no yehuantin cenpohualloncaxtolli in Doctoresme, yn quihualmololhuilitiaque miccatzintli. in teopixque clerigos Doctores. yhuã frayles maestros oc cenca yehuatzin in cenca mahuiztililoni masetro dr. diego de contreras cathedratico de escriptura. = also thirty-five ecclesiastical holders of the doctorate went gathered around the deceased, secular priests with the doctorate and friars with master's degrees, especially the very reverend master fray Diego de Contreras, professor of scripture. (central Mexico, 1612)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 206–207.

in tlatoani doctor santillan = Judge Dr. Santillán (Coyoacan, 1554)
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 9, 84–85.

yn oquizque ynic yancuican otlayahualloque yca ynetoquillitzin tto. dios. yn Sancta cruz contzinco tlaca. ҫan yehuatl Dean licencia yhuelitzin quinmomaquilli ypampa pleyto quintlalili quimixnamiquia in hernando de San Martin teuhcxochitzin chane S. Pablo tlachcuititlan amo quinequia ynic noncua tlayahuallozque. ҫan quinequia ynic oncan mocenchihuaz yntzontecompa S. Pablo. ynic moteylhui yxpan prouisor doctor Don Juan de Salamanca [...] auh macihui yn pleyto oquĩtlallilica contzinca yn omoteneuh hernando teuhcxochitzin. yn ҫatepan ca ohuellitiloq̃. ynic huel noncua tlayahuallozque mochipa = the people of Santa Cruz Contzinco came out and went in procession for the first time with the burial of our lord God. Only the dean [of the cathedral chapter] had given them his permission, for which reason Hernando de San Martín Teucxochitzin, citizen of San Pablo Tlachcuititlan, brought suit against them, opposing them. He didn't want them to go in procession separately, but wanted them to join together with their cabecera, San Pablo, so he brought suit before the vicar general doctor don Juan de Salamanca so that they would not come out separately [...] But although the said Hernando Teucxochitzin had brought the suit against the Contzinca, afterward they were given perpetual permission to go in procession all by themselves (central Mexico, 1613)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 244–5.

yn Doctor Don Juan de Salamanca prouisor españoles ocatca. auh yehuatl yc quipatlatacico yn itoca licenciado castro. ynin Prouisor españoles omochiuh. auh ynic ome quinmotlalilitacico ytoca licenciado Juan Aguado = doctor don Juan de Salamanca, who was vicar general for the Spaniards, and the person he replaced him with on arrival was named licenciado Castro, who became vicar general for the Spaniards. And on arrival he installed a second person, named licenciado Juan Aguado (central Mexico, 1613)
Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, James Lockhart, Susan Schroeder, and Doris Namala, eds. and transl. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 262–3.

motlapixcatzitzivan yn officiales yoan in fiscal doctor maldonado = your stewards the royal officials and the prosecuting attorney Dr. Maldonado (Huejotzingo, 1560)
Beyond the Codices, eds. Arthur J.O. Anderson, Frances Berdan, and James Lockhart (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center, 1976), Doc. 29, 184–185.

Attestations from sources in Spanish: 

onimacoc amatl ytenahuatil doctur Ceyno = me fue dado el documento con el mandamiento del doctor Ceynos (Ciudad de México, 1568)
Luis Reyes García, Eustaquio Celestino Solís, Armando Valencia Ríos, et al, Documentos nauas de la Ciudad de México del siglo XVI (México: Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social y Archivo General de la Nación, 1996), 117.

quincuilique invara oydorme dotor Villanueva dotor Poga ome[n]tin = les quitaron sus varas a los oidores doctor Villanueva y doctor Puga, a ambos (ca. 1582, México)
Luis Reyes García, ¿Como te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista (Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini Insigne y Nacional Basílica de Guadalupe, 2001), 134–135.

yquac quiquatlapoque yn iteocal caxtilteca Sant Josep quipehualtique xamixalcopinaloc ynic quicoyauhque ytecopan dotor Sayz yhuan Huesteua Ballestero = Entonces, los españoles destecharon su templo de San José. Empezaron a hacerlo con adobes arenosos para ampliarlo, por orden del doctor Zaenz y de Esteban Ballesteros. (Tlaxcala, 1662–1692)
Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza, Historia cronológica de la Noble Ciudad de Tlaxcala, transcripción paleográfica, traducción, presentación y notas por Luis Reyes García y Andrea Martínez Baracs (Tlaxcala y México: Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria y Difusión Cultural, y Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, 1995), 282–283.