cihuatlamacazqui.

Headword: 
cihuatlamacazqui.
Principal English Translation: 

a priestess of lower rank (see attestations); see also the entry for cihuatlamacazqui which refers to an animal

Attestations from sources in English: 

cihuatlamacazqui = a priestess of lower rank; (pl.) cihuatlamacazque
Susan Kellogg, Law and the Transformation of Aztec Culture, 1500–1700, (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995), 223.

Vn dia antes que matassen a la muger que auja de morir: a honrra de la diosa xilonen: las mugeres que serujan en el cu (que se llamauan cioatlamacazque) hazian areyto en el patio del mjsmo cu, y cantauan los loores y cantares desta diosa. = One day before they slew the woman who was to die in honor of the goddess Xilonen, the women who served on the pyramid (who were called ciuatlamacazque) performed a dance in the courtyard of this same pyramid, and sang the [hymns of] praise and the canticles of this goddess.
Fr. Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 2 -- The Ceremonies, no. 14, Part III, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1951), 15.

Sigüenza y Góngora attributes to Alva certain unsubstantiated similarities between vestal virgins and cihuatlamacazque, hoping to show that Nahua culture and classical European cultures were alike in certain ways, and in this case, especially with regard to conceptualizations of virginity.
For the refutation, see Amber Brian, Alva Ixtlilxochitl's Native Archive and the Circulation of Knowledge in Colonial Mexico (2021).

Attestations from sources in Spanish: 

"Sahagún califica a estas muchachas como simples 'servidoras del templo' a las que se les llamaba pomposamente cihuatlamacazque, que quiere decir 'mujer sacerdote'. Estas jóvenes compartían con los ministros del culto las obligaciones del rito, se vestían con un traje blanco y sin adorno alguno, hacían penitencia a medianoche, para sacrificarse se picaban las orejas con puntas del maguey hasta que manara la sangre; estaban obligadas, al igual que los sacerdotes, a guardar castidad rigurosa, pues si pescaban a alguna moza en actividades de índole sexual, aunque fueran leves, 'la mataban sin tardanza; diciendo que havía violado la casa de su dios'."
María Rodríguez-Shadow, La mujer azteca (Toluca: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 1991), 88–89.